The Russian Academy of Agriculture Sciences

THE ALL-RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR ELECTRIFICATION OF AGRICULTURE (VIESH)

The address of institute:

109456, Moscow, 1-st Veshnyakovsky proezd, 2, VIESH

Ph.: (095) 171-19-20.

Fax: (095) 170-51-01.

E-mail: viesh@dol.ru

Department of the scientific and technical information, patenting and marketing - (095) 171-02-74.

Fax: (095) 170-51-01

Director:

Academician of Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Prof., Dr. Dmitry S. Strebkov

Ph.: (095) 171-19-20.

The deputy director on scientific work: Dr. Anatoly V.  Tikhomirov

Ph.: (095) 171-04-94.

The scientific secretary: Dr. Jury M. Antonov

Ph.: (095) 171-03-57.

The chief engineer:

Anatoly I. Antonenko

Ph.: (095) 171-02-10.

VIESH - the State scientific institution. A Federal research centre on power supply, electrification and automation of agriculture, technological development and utilization of renewable and nonconventional energy sources. The institute was founded in March, 1930.

There are 220 highly skilled experts, including 20 doctors of sciences and 70 candidates of sciences work at the institute.

The institute has postgraduate study and the specialized Council on public defending doctor's and master's theses on four specialties

05.20.02 Electric technologies and electric equipment in agriculture

05.14.08 Energy installations based on renewable energy sources

05.13.06 Automation and control of technological processes in agricultural production

05.20.01 Agriculture technologies and mechanization

VIESH issues proceedings on power, electrification and automation of an agriculture, methodical recommendations and organize annual scientific and technical conferences on rural energy and electrification.

 

 

THE BASIC DIRECTIONS OF ACTIVITY:

 

•    A scientific substantiation, the forecast and strategy of power supply, electrification and

energy saving in an agriculture, non-polluting resources saving technologies, Machines systems for electrification of an agricultural production and cattle breeding;

·    Highly effective electric technologies, thermal and electric equipment and automation systems for animal industries, plant cultivation, primary processing and storage electric tractors and electric transports agricultural products;

·    Development of methods and systems of reliable rural power generation and transmission systems, electro installations operation and safety of an electric equipment, including stand alone power systems;

•          Systems and means for electro mechanization of cattle breeding creation;

•  Perspective technologies perfection and creation of new means for uses of renewable and nonconventional energy sources in agriculture;

•  The scientific staff education and improvement of expert professional skills;

•    Foreign trade activities and scientific and technical cooperation in the field of rural and renewable energy;

· Information, consulting and implementation services rendering.

VIESH has subsidies:

· State Unitary Enterprise the Central Experimental Design Bureau.

The address: 109456, Moscow, 1-st Veshnyakovsky proezd, 2. Ph.: (095) 171-02-10. Telefax: (095) 171-27-03.

• State Unitary Enterprise «Experimental mechanical plant "Aleksandrovsky"».

The address: 601600, Gagarin Street, 6, Alexandrov town, the Vladimir region.

Ph.: (09244) 627-01. Telefax: (09244) 625-34, 616-73.

·     The Interbranch Scientific and Technical Center on milking cows machine and primary processing of milk (MNTC VIESH «Techniques for milk production»);

·     The Scientific and Technical Center on Energy saving in an agriculture;

·  The international UNESCO chair «Renewable energy and rural electrification»;

·  Chair of Moscow State Agricultural Engineering University of V.P. Gorjachkin’s name «Renewable energy and rural electrification»;

·  Experimental-technological workshops on:

              -  PV cells and modules pilot manufacturing lines;

              - Manufacturing of the equipment and means of automation for technological processes in agricultural production;

              - Manufacturing of the equipment for primary processing and storage of agricultural production;

   - Design and application of equipment for electro mechanization dairy cattle breeding;

  -  Manufacturing of experimental lighting equipment.

The institute, the scientific and technical centers, pilot productions of institute and Experimental mechanical plant "Aleksandrovsky" (Aleksandrov town, the Vladimir region) under contracts with the agricultural both industrial enterprises and the organizations, farms and other rural commodity producers develop technologies, carry out projects, organize technology transfer manufacturing, purchase of machines, the equipment, installation, architectural supervision, service.

VIESH invites to cooperation on development and manufacturing of the electrical and technical equipment.

The Chlorine – FREE Technology of producing Solar GRADE Silicon

The technology is used for production of polycrystalline silicon of high quality for photovoltaic industry and in the semiconductor electronics.

Chlorine-free technology of polycrystalline silicon production

 

Some techno-economic statistics

· Basic material (metallurgical silicon) containing 1-3% ballast content and ethanol are available in unlimited quantaties at a low price.

· Advantages of this technology:

- you dont use chlorine compound, that is why the whole process is ecologically safe, all procedures are carried out under a normal pressure and temperature not higher than 300°Ñ;

- chemical reactions are connected only with silicon and are carried out almost without transfer of secondary impurities, this brings down the price of refining;

- reactionary products dont interreact with the reactor walls, minimizing the contamination of the final products;

- energy expenditure is about 30 kWh in comparisson with the usual method, when energy expenditure is about 200 kWh, this brings down the price twofold.

                     · The basic product is monosilane and polycrystalline silicon of high purity.

The high quality of monosilane and polycrystalline silicon are proved by measured data. Specific resistivity of crystal samples is more than 10 000 ohm sm, and the time of life of  minority carriers is about 1000 MS.

            The technology allows to change the quantity and the range of the produced goods:

·       Polycrystalline silicon for electronic industry;

·       Polycrystalline silicon for photovoltaic industry;

·       Polycrystalline silicon for infrared photodevice and detectors of nuclear particles;

·       monosilane of high quality and its mixture with hydrogen and argon;

·       silicon dioxide of high purity;

·       and some others.

 

Solar Photovoltaic Cell Round and Pseudo Square

 

They are intended for the direct conversion of the solar radiation into the electric DC current power. It is used for assembling of the solar photovoltaic modules of wide application.

 

 

Round and pseudo square solar cells 100 x 100 mm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The technical characteristic

 

 

 

 

Stand alone Solar LightING System

Solar grid-independent energy supply for street and indoor lighting.

Designed to provide lighting within the buildings and outside using alternative sources of energy. Examples of use: Hazardous materials warehouses, recreational facilities.

Energy is supplied by the solar panel and by the storage battery.

 

The electric power supply is carried out by solar array and by storage battery.

1 –solar module; 2 – luminescent lamp; 3 –support device; 4 – sand;
5 – storage battery; 6 –concrete foundation; 7 –bottom.

 

Advantages:

 

• Can function in temperatures up to –20C,
• Has a broad range of programming options,
• Long life-span without maintenance (up to 5 years). 
• The timer is programmed to turn on all bulbs at 7 pm, turns off half of them at midnight, and turns off the rest at 5 am.

 

Technical characteristic

Power of the lamp, W	36 (4õ9) or (2õ18)
Power of the solar barray, W	100
Storage battery capacity, ampere-hour	56
Programming parameters	Time of switching on and off with season changes correction
The period of in-service life	Up to 10

 

 

VIESH Renewable and Alternative Generating Technologies

 

Wind PV hybrid system for grid-independent
 energy supply:

 

Purpose: grid-independent energy supply for home appliances, TV, radios, radio stations, lighting, navigational, radio relay and weather stations. The system includes solar photoelectric and storage batteries, which insures supply of energy when wind speeds are below minimal.  The system have passed complete factory testing and certification.

 

 

 

Characteristics:

 

 

* The storage battery does not enter into structure of delivery and is to be installed by the customer.

 

PORTABLE hydrolift

 

This device can be used for water supple and irrigation of independent or remote consumers located near to the rivers and other water streams. It uses low potential energy of moving water and ensured capacity of water pumping from to  100 up to 1000 l/h with stream speed  from 0,6 up to 3,0 m/s and water lifting up to 25 m.

 

 

 

Characteristics

 

Capacity, l/h                                                                                  100 ÷ 1000

Head, m                                                                                          10 ÷ 25

Steam speed                                                                                  0,6 ÷ 3,0

Rotor diameter, mm                                                                     275

Weight, kg                                                                                     10

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

the AUTOMATED power SUPPLY SYSTEM

 

It is intended for uninterrupted supply of stand-alone consumers by a heat and electric energy.

Structure of the complete set: internal-combustion engine (JCE) with the motor-generator on the first chassis and the electronic block with 4 batteries on the second chassis;50 l balloon with liquid gas; the water heat exchanger.

Features:

· Periodic mode of JCE operation.

· Use of the dc motor-generator for accumulation of the electric power in batteries and JCE start-ung-up from batteries.

· Feed of load through the electronic block.

· Automatic JCE turn on and off according to the batteries charge 

· Gas fuel use for JCE.

· Output voltage sine wave form distortions absence.

· JCE overload protection.

· Exhaust gases heat use for hot water preparation.

 

 

General view of an stand-alone power supply system

 

                                                     

Characteristics

 

 

             At consumption of 3 kW▪h/day 50 liters gas container provides operation during15 days, and Internal
Combustion Engine being in operation 3,5 h/day, will serve without repair approximately about 5 years. 

Resonant Single-Wire Electric power transmission System

 

Is intended for electrical power supply of customers by transmission of the electric power on a single-wire line.

The principle of system operation in based on usage of two resonant circuits with frequency
0.5-50 kHz and single-ware line between contours this system, having voltage of a line  1-110 kV  and operating in a resonant mode had been proposed 100 years ago by N. Tesla. The transmission of electrical energy in an open circuit line uses capacity current and displacement currents, therefore Joule’s  losses on heating of a conductor in a line are insignificant.

 

1.Frequency converter   2.Resonance circuit of step-up transformer 3. Single-Wire line
4.Resonance circuit of step-down transformer  5. Rectifier unit  6. Load

 

Any conducting material for example, iron wire or another conducting medium, like a water can be used as wave guide for electromagnetic energy flow from generating station to receiving apparatus.   

There were designed special devices and converters for adapting of this system to the common ones. These devices are placed at the end and at the beginning of this single-wire line  and allow to use in input and output  standard equipment and of alternating current devices.

Using this system:

-        You can reduce the flow of nonferrous metal tenfold;

-        You can reduce expenses and energy losses.

 

Results of experiment of the single-wire electrical system with 20 kW electric power

 

On-load power Current of the load Voltage of the load	20,52 kW 54 amp 380 V
Voltage of the line	6,8 kV
Frequency of the line	3,4 kHz
Diameter of the wire of the line	80 micron/1mm
Length of the line	6 m/1700 m
Maximal effective current density	600 A/mm2
Maximal specific electric power	4 MW/mm2

 

 

Testing of 20 kW, 10 kW resonant electric power transmission system	Frequency converter and step-up resonant Tesla transformer

 

 

Possible application of resonant single-wire electric grid:

 

1.     Energy supply to farms and villages

2.     Single-trolley and single cable conductors hybrid public transportation

3.     Innovative single electrode electric technological devices and plasma generators: electric cultivators, waste water decontamination, ozone production, veterinary plasma coagulators and scalpels.

 

 

Advantages of the resonance method for energy transmission:

1.     Energy is being transmitted through reactive capacitive current in resonance mode of operation. That makes it more difficult to steal the energy from the utilities

2.     Copper and aluminum consumption in the wire can be reduced tenfold

3.     Steal wires with copper surface layer of .1 mm are not worth enough to be stolen for resale as scrap metal.

4.     Energy loss in a single wire power line is low and energy can be transmitted over long distances

5.     Short circuits are impossible in a single wire cable and so it can not cause fire.

 

Thermal Conversion Plants for Manufacturing of Fluid Fuels from Plant Biomass AND ORGANIC WASTES

 

Conversion plants are designed within the new energy supply and environment protection concept based on the use of local renewable energy sources and bio-fuels. Plant biomass, mainly in the form of agricultural and wood processing wastes, is one of these energy sources.

The major application of biofuels produced by thermal conversion is cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) using diesel engine and gas turbine based on electric power plants and boilers in the range of 10 kW to 100 MW.

Production of gaseous and liquid phase bio-fuels by fast pyrolysis is one of the most demanded thermal conversion technologies insuring maximum use of  not only plant biomass but also low-calorie fossil fuels (lignite, shale fuels, peat coal, vat residue, etc.), municipal organic wastes, agricultural and wood wastes, as well as dedicated biomass produced by sort rotation coppices (SRC) technique.

Fast pyrolysis is the process of organic matter decomposition by high-rate heating to achieve a temperature at which the yield of desired products is maximal. The optimal temperature is determined by the upper condensed-phase limit for particular organic components.

The technological parameters of fast pyrolysis process, as well as the composition and quantity of manufactured products, shall be specified prior to design and dimensioning of  conversion plants for particular kinds of solid or liquid feedstock.

The high-rate heating provides minimum energy dissipation into the environment and maximum decomposition of organic materials followed by vaporisation of the products. The heating time shall be as short as possible to prevent possible undesirable changes of chemical composition and structure of a processed material. The output of a fluid (liquid and gaseous) fuel is determined by the organic fraction content and is, normally, not less than 50%.

The solid fraction is composed of non-organic compounds (ash) and thermally stable organic products such as char and cross-linked polymers. The yield of char, which is usually less compared with other biomass thermal conversion methods, is mainly determined by the share of lignin in the feedstock being processed.

High temperature vaporous products of the thermal decomposition are fed to a condenser to form the so-called “bio-oil” (i.e. the liquid product fraction). It is a combustible product having substantially (about 20%) higher specific heating value than that of the feedstock it is made of. The other part of the decomposed and vaporised organic matter, which is non-condensable at temperatures close to normal conditions, constitutes the gaseous fuel fraction composed of non-organic (mainly, carbon oxides and water) and low-molecular organic compounds, such as methane, ethane, etc. This fuel fraction can be combusted in the pyrolysis reactor or/and utilised as a motor fuel of diesel engines operating in the gas-and-diesel mode. Fluid fractions of plant biomass pyrolysis products are applicable as an environmentally safe substitution for conventional boiler fuels (black oil and natural gas). Blending into motor fuels is one of the other promising commercial applications of bio-oil today.

In pyrolysis conversion reactors, plant biomass can be heated either by electric heaters or/and burners fuelled with a part of products (liquid or/and gaseous) that the conversion plant generates itself. Typical energy consumption of the conversion plant is 5% to 10% of the total calorific power of the fuels produced. (In fact, it is nearly proportional to the moisture content of a feedstock.)

 

 

The major features of the process are:

-                  high conversion ratio of organic feedstocks,

-                  compact reactor design,

-                  low energy loss,

-                  relatively low cost of heat and power generated from plant biomass pyrolysis products.

In the All-Russian Research Institute for Electrification in Agriculture (VIESH), a pilot conversion plant for manufacturing of fluid fuels from wood sawdust and other plant wastes has been developed in the frame of the contract from the RF Ministry of Power. The plant is designed to produce more than 500 kg/day of fluid fuels (both liquid and gaseous).

Following are the block diagram of technological process and the layout of the plant, along with a short description of the technological process.

 

Block Diagram of Technological Process

Wood sawdust or other crushed organic material, separated from possible extraneous objects, is fed into reactor comprising two stages of thermal conversion. In the first stage section, moisture is extracted from the plant biomass feedstock. The latter is then directed to the pyrolysis stage where it is decomposed to mainly vaporous products. A part of the decomposition products (char) that can not be vaporised within the operating temperature range is taken out of the reactor and is collected in a storage bin. In the separator, the vaporised products of thermal decomposition are purified of solid micro-particles, and in the condenser, they are cooled to form the liquid fuel fraction – bio-oil. The non-condensable fraction, pyrolysis gas, is fed to a diesel engine set operating in gas-and-diesel mode to generate electric power, while the liquid fraction is collected in the bio-oil tank.

Bio-oil can be used as boiler fuel or blended into conventional diesel fuel fed to the diesel engine. This fuel blend is, normally, comprises about 5% of bio-oil but its share can be increased up to 15%, if necessary. Hot water vapour and heat energy produced as a result of the thermochemical process is utilised in heat exchangers for local heating and hot water supply.

The pilot plant manufactured at the (VIESH) has been tested with different kinds of feedstock, such as wood chips, wood sawdust, peat coal, lignite, rice husks, wastes of coffee extraction, etc. Following is the typical product distribution for wood sawdust pyrolysis process carried out at medium temperatures of 450 °C to 550 °C:

 

Layout of pyrolysis plant for liquid and gaseous fuels production and 30 kW dieselgenerator set.	Testing of equipment for biomass conversion info liquid and fuel. Capacity 1 t/day

 

Physicochemical properties of the products:

Physicochemical properties of liquid fraction make it applicable as oven fuel. It is also can be modified or/and blended into conventional oil-derived products to form motor fuels.

Non-condensable gas formed by low-molecular products (up to 30% methane, ethane, propane, hydrogen, carbon oxides) can be effectively applied as either a furnace fuel or motor fuel for internal combustion engines for heat and power co-generation.

Pyrolysis char’s physicochemical properties are similar to those of conventional char traditionally used not only for as fuel but also in medicine, steel industry, etc.

One ton of wood sawdust yields about 500 kg of liquid and gaseous fuels.

The payback period of the plant is 3 years.

VIESH is ready to enter into contracts to supply plant biomass pyrolysis plants having a performance rate of 1 ton to 2 tons of feedstock a day. Delivery time is from 6 to 8 months.

BIOGAS INSTALLATIONS

 

Are intended for non-polluting processing of organic waste with obtaining of gaseous fuel - biogas.

 

Phylum’s of installations:

BGI – 2,0 – for family farms for processing of a manure from 3 conditional heads.

BGI – 25 – for farms (25 heads)

BGI – 50 - for farmer and part-time farms (45-50 heads).

BGI – 150 – retrofit for processing of a manure of farms (400 heads).

BGI – 500 – base installation for processing of a manure 24000 heads/years.

 

 

 

 

Characteristics

 

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